Sunday, July 22, 2012

Milking Cows - The Robotic Way

Across the Fence #401


A farmer is sitting by a cow, milking by hand. The year is 1944, the year I was born. He’s milking the same way his father and grandfather did before him. Nothing much had changed in milking cows over the years. Mechanical milking machines had been invented, but most farmers were still milking by hand. Even S.M. Babcock, (of Babcock test fame) wrote in an 1892 issue of The National Dairyman that “milking machines would result in poorer quality of milk and lower the standards of dairy animals.” Other dairy experts warned against resorting to machine milking. They were afraid that mechanical milking would destroy the udders.

If someone had told my father in 1944 that his new son would see the day when robots milked the cows, he’d have accused them of hitting the bottle or losing their marbles. “Robots milking cows! Never happen!”

A person talking about robotic milking would definitely have been a dreamer and visionary. It’s no longer a dream or science fiction. Last week I watched as cows were milked with no one there to handle the milking machine. It’s a reality and far removed from the days when I helped milk.

By the time I was old enough to sit under a cow and help with the milking, my father had purchased a milking machine. The only time I had to milk by hand was when the power went out. Milking machines won’t work without electricity. Farmers didn’t worry about power outages when they milked by hand. Things were pretty simple then.

The main things a farmer needed to milk cows when I was born were a milk pail and flexible knees. Before each cow was milked, a disinfectant solution, mixed with lukewarm water, was used to clean the cow’s udder and teats. We used a rag dipped in the solution to wipe the teats.

When the disinfecting was done, you squatted beside the cow and applied each teat cup by hand. Not all cows stood quietly chewing their cud as you milked them. Some cows liked to kick. Sometimes they kicked the milk bucket, and the milker, into the gutter behind the cows.
When the bucket was full, it was carried to where the milk cans were sitting and the milk was poured into a stainless steel strainer. It filtered out any debris and flies that may have ended up in the pail while you were milking.

A farmer could milk two cows at one time if he had two milking machines. You were constantly moving, disinfecting a cow’s udder and teats, attaching the teat cups from the milking machine, disinfecting another cow, attaching the milker to her, checking the first cow to see how she was milking out, removing the milker, and dumping the milk into the strainer on a can. Then you headed for another cow and did it all over again. That routine went on morning and night, seven days a week, 365 days a year. There were no days off. There were no sick days, or “I don’t feel like working today” days. The cows needed to be milked twice a day. Being a dairy farmer was more than a full-time job.

Enter robotic milking and the farmer is no longer tied to the milking process morning and night, 365 days a year. I saw the system in action at the Dennis and Maureen Amundson farm on Highway 27 north of Westby. It was a real eye-opener for me and I can’t even imagine what my father would have thought of robotic milking. It really frees up a farmer’s time so they aren’t chained to the cows morning and night for milking. The cows are housed in free-stall barns and trained to enter the milking area whenever the urge strikes them. They enter a narrow chute with a metal gate that opens automatically. Once they enter the milking station, an overhead scanner detects a collar or ear tag worn by each cow. It then dispenses some feed for that cow. As she eats, a robotic arm cleans the teats with rotary brushes and they are automatically rinsed and treated with a disinfectant. An optical scanner then guides the teat cups into place. Teat coordinates for the cows have been recorded in the computer. When milk flow is no longer detected, the teat cups drop off automatically. When all four quarters are done, the front gate opens and she walks out.

I watched other cows come into the milking station expecting to be fed, but when the scanner detected they had already been milked earlier, the front gate opened and they had to exit. Only when the scanner detects that a cow is ready to be milked, does the robotic milking process go into action. The milk goes from the robotic milker, through a pipeline, into a large milk holding tank.

Even the hay that is fed to the cows in the free-stall barn is automated. Every hour a rotating machine goes down the aisle and pushes the hay closer so the cows can reach it.

Times have certainly changed. Now a farmer has more free time to go places and attend events without having to rush home and milk. Dairy farming is an exciting, high-tech occupation to be involved in. Milking cows has really changed in the last 68 years!

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